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Citation indexes, you ask? The theory is that the best research gets referred to most frequently in subsequent research. By totting up the number of references to Professor Fixit’s seminal paper on cold nuclear fusion, you can rank the significance of his work. There are indeed online league tables that will tell you the names of the world’s most cited scientists in each discipline. These are no doubt very useful to superprofs in their salary negotiations, but even among hard scientists there are considerable reservations about the value of such indexes. For one thing, Professor Fixit’s paper might have a thousand citations as an example of failed research. And for another, if you give more significance to citation, then everybody will start mentioning their mates’ work in their footnotes so as to bump up the count. You cite my paper and I’ll cite yours. One imagines the establishment of clandestine internet “citation rings”.

According to the “ISI Web of Knowledge” the database that will be used for the new Research Excellence Framework (“REF”), my top citation hit is a little book that I dashed off in a few weeks as a polemical squib — it far outscores the considered monographs over which I laboured for years in the great research lib­raries of the world. In the humanities, there are few established hierarchies of journals, and much of the most significant work is done in books, scholarly editions and other forms that elude the citation databases. Gordon Brown has not backed down on his metric basket case, but he has conceded that it will not work for the humanities — not because of reservations about the principle, but because the metrics aren’t sophisticated enough. The new mechanism will go ahead, but there will be some kind of fudge for the arts and humanities disciplines, a yet-to-be-determined “light touch peer review process informed by quantitative indicators”.

What the reform of the RAE conspicuously fails to address is the way that the whole research assessment process has deformed the delicate ecology of higher education in the humanities. There certainly was deadwood that needed pruning in the 1980s. But in the humanities, productivity is not synonymous with publication of one article a year in the Journal of English and Germanic Philology. There is an elephant in the room of the debate about how to fund university research, namely the separation of research from teaching.

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Joseph Andrews
June 14th, 2008
10:06 AM
Anonymous wonders why Bate wrote this article - it's pretty clear that he did so because he thinks that higher education is mired in bureaucracy and that the idea of assessment by citation is index is barmy and that by saying this in a new journal linked to a think-tank with strong Tory connections, he might get the Tories thinking about a less interventionist approach.

Anonymous
June 13th, 2008
5:06 PM
Mr Bartram indicates that he is a pedant - ignoring the big issues raised by the author at the expense of a small point. Mr Briggs is entirely wrong - modern economies depend on education at tertiary level as the US case proves. They educate more students and spend a far greater % GDP per capita on each. Their research is in larger volume and at least equal in quantity. An excellent article, we need to open higher education to the market and bring in far more money.

William Briggs
June 11th, 2008
11:06 AM
The main problem is that there are too many universities and too many kids going to universities. Kids go to "get a degree", i.e., to add a notch to their resumes and seemingly make themselves more attractive to employers. Who goes to university to learn anymore? Instead of so many universities, there should be in their place technical or trade schools, where kids can go to learn a useful skill, so that they can really learn how to make an efficient sales call or market a "brand", or whatever else is deemed useful by businesses. This would save universities for those who want to really learn. It would reduce the amount of unnecessary "research" pumped out, too. Never happen, of course. Parents want the "brand" of the better school on their kids' resumes.

John Kidd
June 9th, 2008
6:06 AM
An apt and lucid commentary on regrettable trends in modern universities.As a now retired teacher at a leading Australian university I can confirm that the the same corrupted bureaucratic foolishness has now spread far beyond the United Kingdom. While recognising the difficulties inherent in external assessment of the quality of an academic's work, and conceding the necessity of public accountability for that work,the article highlights that the now prevailing bean-counting risks damage to the core function of a university which must remain the fostering of the highest possible standards of scholarship, research and teaching. In that sense a university, in order to justify that name, must be an elite institution of learning.

John Kidd
June 9th, 2008
6:06 AM
An apt and lucid commentary on regrettable trends in modern universities.As a now retired teacher at a leading Australian university I can confirm that the the same corrupted bureaucratic foolishness has now spread far beyond the United Kingdom. While recognising the difficulties inherent in external assessment of the quality of an academic's work, and conceding the necessity of public accountability for that work,the article highlights that the now prevailing bean-counting risks damage to the core function of a university which must remain the fostering of the highest possible standards of scholarship, research and teaching. In that sense a university, in order to justify that name, must be an elite institution of learning.

David Bartram
June 8th, 2008
2:06 PM
It's a good thing Jonathan Bate writes more here about the humanities than about the sciences - a weak grasp of basic arithmetic might be more consequential in the latter. Five million is not, after all, one percent of five billion. The smaller (correct) percentage hardly makes the RAE a bargain - but it does at the very least raise questions about the fact-checking skills of the editors of this new magazine.

Anonymous
June 8th, 2008
1:06 PM
Speaking of the Rae-driven system which Bate so much deplores: it is not clear why he imagines that the `incestuous citation game` hasn`t been in place already for some time; as well as the (to address Haldane`s example) `incestuous non-citation game`. It`s also not clear why Bate wrote this article. Presumably he did not write it to score on `metrics`.

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